A Review of Non-surgical Strategies for Managing Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains a significant public health challenge, characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa lasting at least 12 weeks, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, rhinorrhea, and olfactory dysfunction. Affecting an estimated 5-12% of the global population, CRS imposes considerable economic and quality-of-life burdens. While surgical options like functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are effective for refractory cases, non-surgical management is the initial and often primary approach, emphasizing symptom control, inflammation reduction, and prevention of disease progression. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from recent guidelines, clinical trials, and observational studies on non-surgical strategies, including nasal saline irrigation, intranasal and systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, biologics, and adjunctive therapies. Key advancements include precision medicine via endotyping and the integration of biologics for type 2 inflammation-dominant phenotypes, particularly in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Drawing from updated 2024-2025 literature, we highlight personalized treatment algorithms to optimize outcomes, minimize adverse effects, and reduce the need for surgery.
Similar Articles
- Yovita Belva Lokman, Dedy Dwi Putra, Setia Putra Tarigan, Ririe Fachrina Malisie, Thoracic CT Scan Image in Transudate and Exudate Pleural Effusion Cases at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in January - September 2024 , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 12 (2024): December
- Azwar Iwan Tona, Evaluation and Management of Suspected Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): December
- Cindy Giovanni, Nurita Dian Kestriani Saragi Sitio, Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome with Severe Community Pneumonia in The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): March
- Muhammad Jailani Alfajri Alfajri, Henni Syahrini Lubis, Dairion Gatot, Comparative Analysis of Ankle-Brachial Index in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib versus Nilotinib at Adam Malik Hospital , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): October
- Artha Wahyu Wardana, Muchammad Erias Erlangga, Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Respiratory Distress in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): January
- Army Zaka Anwary, Indriasari, Role of CRRT (Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy) as Management of Cardiac Arrest Patient with Postpartum Acute Lung Edema and Cardiomyopathy in the ICU , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): June
- Dalimunthe Dina A, Sisilia K Dewi, Cutaneous Disorder Associated Diabetes Mellitus , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January
- Adhika Syaputra, Dadik Wahyu Wijaya, Achsanuddin Hanafie, Patterns of Antibiotic Use in The One Hour Bundle Treatment of Sepsis , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): December
- T. Abdul Karim, Dadik Wahyu Wijaya, Rr Sinta Irina, Relationship Blood Gas Analysis And Hemostasis Physics In Multiple Trauma Patients In Adam Malik Hospital Medan , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): January
- Dian Primadia Putri, Rahmad Isnanta Sembiring, Tambar Kembaren, Putri Eyanoer, Relationship of D-dimer Value to Mortality in Covid-19 Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): April
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.