A Review of Non-surgical Strategies for Managing Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains a significant public health challenge, characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa lasting at least 12 weeks, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, rhinorrhea, and olfactory dysfunction. Affecting an estimated 5-12% of the global population, CRS imposes considerable economic and quality-of-life burdens. While surgical options like functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are effective for refractory cases, non-surgical management is the initial and often primary approach, emphasizing symptom control, inflammation reduction, and prevention of disease progression. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from recent guidelines, clinical trials, and observational studies on non-surgical strategies, including nasal saline irrigation, intranasal and systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, biologics, and adjunctive therapies. Key advancements include precision medicine via endotyping and the integration of biologics for type 2 inflammation-dominant phenotypes, particularly in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Drawing from updated 2024-2025 literature, we highlight personalized treatment algorithms to optimize outcomes, minimize adverse effects, and reduce the need for surgery.
Similar Articles
- M Yusuf Adira Putra, Amira Permatasari Tarigan, Andika Pradana, Riska Resti, Adini Arifah Ramadhani, Syafiah Amalina Nasution, A Study of Relationship Between Asthma Control Test, Lung Function, & Hospitalization , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 12 (2024): December
- Krina Murti, Windy Juliandra , Sampe Tua, Breastfeeding and Its Protective Role Against Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Surgical and Non-Surgical Cases , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): April
- Fasihah Irfani Fitri, Oriza Novita, Haflin Soraya Hutagalung, Relationship between Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and Waist Hip Ratio with Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 7 (2023): July
- Billi, Muhammad Akbar, David Gunawan Umbas, Firdaus Hamid, Andi Kurnia Bintang, Mimi Lotisna, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) as a Predictor of 1-Month Clinical Outcome in First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2023): December
- Ratna Mariana Tamba, Hilfan Ade Putra Lubis, Zulfikri Mukhtar, Andika Sitepu, Faisal Habib, Cut Aryfa Andra, T. Bob Haykal, The Relationship between Transient Ischemic Dilation (TID) and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) in Haji Adam Malik Medan, Indonesia , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 9 (2023): September
- Angga Permana Putra, Ardi Zulfariansyah, Management of Myasthenic Crisis in the Intensive Care Unit , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 11 (2025): November
- Dear Mohtar, Erias Erlangga, Management of Dengue Fever and Morbidly Obese in Pregnancy after C-Section , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 10 (2023): October
- Cut Putri Hazlianda, Dina Arwina Dalimunthe, Awalia Astarina, Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis Suspected Caused by COVID-19 Vaccine : A Case Report , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2023): December
- Har Rawishwar Singh Dhilion, Ali Nafiah Nasution, Andika Sitepu, Association between Systemic Inflammatory Immunity Index and Intracoronary Thrombus Burden in Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Segment Elevation (IMA EST) Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at Haji Adam Malik Hospital , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): February
- Dadang Mulyawan, Osmond M. Pison, Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Severe Preeclampsia Patients in ICU , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): February
<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.